An Effective Black Hole Attack Detection Mechanism using Permutation Based Acknowledgement in MANET

With the evolution of wireless technology and use of mobile devices, Mobile Ad-hoc Network has become popular among researchers to explore. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links. The routers and hosts are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily. It allows mobile nodes to communicate directly without any centralized coordinator. Such network scenarios cannot rely on centralized and organized connectivity, and can be conceived as applications of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. Thus, MANET is vulnerable due to its dynamic network topology, as any node become untrusted at any time. The Black hole attack is one kind of security risk in which malicious node advertises itself to have a shortest path for any destination, to forge data or for DOS attack. In this paper, to detect such nodes effectively, we propose a Permutation based Acknowledgement for most widely used reactive protocol ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing AODV. This mechanism is enhancement of Adaptive Acknowledgement (AACK) and TWO-ACK, here we have tried to show the efficiency increment by decreasing number of messages routed in the network.Comment: MANET, Black Hole, Permutation, Security, Ad-hoc networ

Detection of Pesticides in Food by CDs Blue Luminescent Material with the Help of Fluorescence Quenching Study

Environmental contamination has modified the approach to life of the folks in many ways all round the world. Food science suggests that the science of food which has food elements, their behaviour underneath completely different environmental conditions, method of harvest, milling, exposure to heat, cold, acid, alkalis etc. Today, the sphere of food science has progressed from basic physical, chemical and biological reactions that turn up throughout process to the fields of biotechnology, food engineering, packaging and its result on the patron. Luminescence and visual radiation phenomena have really fascinating ideas in technology. Light-weight materials have really various and distinctive properties, that are a magnet for various scientists to do and do the analysis throughout this field to implement in numerous sectors. Once the invention year in analysis of carbon dots in 2004, the study of carbon dots unreal, together with whole completely different fluorescent properties of carbon dots. It’s varied and valuable properties like water solubility, stable fluorescent property, exceptional photostability, high sensitivity with low toxicity, which can be apply in varied disciplines of research areas. This text explains the transient introduction of varied toxic materials and their effects. It explains the transient introduction and history of food science together with nutrition and digestions of food. It conjointly describes the various properties of food. The article is additionally mentioning the detection of various hazardous/poisonous materials by CDs with inherent literature survey. This text represents the transient introduction of pesticides and basic info of visible light extinction study. Through that, the venturesome material will be simply detected in varied food beverages

A time variability test for neutrino sources identified by IceCube

IceCube has reported evidence for neutrino emission from the Seyfert-II galaxy NGC 1068 and the blazar TXS 0506+056. The former was identified in a time-integrated search, and the latter using time-dependent and multi-messenger methods. A natural question is: are sources identified in time-integrated searches consistent with a steady neutrino source? We present a non-parametric method, TAUNTON, to answer this question. Motivated by the Cram\'er-von Mises test, TAUNTON is an unbinned single-hypothesis method to identify deviations in neutrino data from the steady hypothesis. An advantage of TAUNTON is that it is sensitive to arbitrary deviations from the steady hypothesis. Here we present results of TAUNTON applied to a 8.7 year data-set of muon neutrino track events; the same data used to identify NGC 1068 at 4.2$\sigma$. We use TAUNTON on 51 objects, a subset (with >4 signal neutrinos) of the 110 objects studied in the NGC 1068 publication. We set a threshold of 3$\sigma$ pre-trial to identify sources inconsistent with the steady hypothesis. TAUNTON reports a p-value of 0.9 for NGC 1068, consistent with the steady hypothesis. Using the time integrated fit, data for TXS 0506+056 is consistent with the steady hypothesis at 1.7$\sigma$. Time variability is not identified for TXS 0506+056 because there are few neutrino events

To detect pesticide in Food beverages by Partial Structural Examination of CDs with the help of Fluorescence quenching study

In recent world, there are lots of crimes happen by adding some hazardous or poisonous materials in the food and food beverages. So it is very hard and cost effective to detect those materials. By one step synthesising carbon dots, the hydrothermal method is very accurate and precise. Carbon dots were synthesised by using hydrothermal methods with different precursors (ethanolamine, urea, ammonium thiocynate) while synthesising. Fluorescence quenching study has been done by using spectrofluorophotometer by adding some amount of food beverage in carbon dots solution. The structural property of CDs and the fluorescence quenching study have been examined by UV-vis spectrometer, atomic force microscopy, spectrofluorophotometer and FT-IR. The comparisons of precursors conclude that ethanolamine is the accurate and precise precursor to synthesise carbon dots with limited crystalline size (30nm-40nm). It shows better and less time consuming detection of the pesticide in appy fizz drink. By using ethanolamine batch, the fluorescence graph gradually decreased by adding 20ppm carbon dot solution after each reading.    &nbsp

Review on Carbon-Graphene Nanocomposite based conductive-ink in printed electronics

Energy is the divesting need of human being to make the life easy going and comfortable. But according to the recent scenario, there will be insufficient source of generating energy. Printed electronics is a new concept of printing technology. PE is safest printing ink technology for securing documentation, for making circuits on different subtracts, less time consuming for making and easily detect if counterfeit. Nanoprint technology with semiconductor materials is in improvising and it has been future trend in energy sector with enhancing various properties of nanomaterials. It has been developed in the area of the digital printing technology by using and combining different nanomaterials. With ever-increasing demand for light-weight, small, and transportable devices, the speed of production of electronic and optoelectronic devices is consistently increasing, and alternatives to the current vital, voluminous, fragile, semi semiconducting and clear materials will inevitably be needed at intervals the long run. This review article explains about the carbon-Graphene nanocomposite based conductive ink, which can be a source in digital printing technology to draw various types of circuits and to make different surface to conductive surfaces. It also describes brief information about carbon and Graphene material individually. It also concludes carbon-graphene nanocomposite based conductive ink in printed electronics technology with several literature surveys. &nbsp

A supramolecular strategy for ratiometric luminescence sensing of nitroaromatic explosives in water

1814-1821In the present work we have demonstrated a supramolecular approach for ratiometric luminescence sensing of nitroaromatic explosive compounds (NAEs) by employing a red luminescent Eu(III) complex and a green luminescent Pt(II) complex with in a Triton X-100 surfactant based micellar host in water. The Eu-complex gets entrapped inside micellar core whereas the Pt-C2 remains grafted on the surface of the spherical micelles due to their structural amendments and thus facilitates preferential interaction of Pt-C2 with NAE molecules mainly through π-π interaction. The presence of explosive traces quenches the green emission (508-545 nm) of Pt-complex whereas the red emission (614 nm) of Eu-complex remains unaffected. The strategy demonstrates first report of two independent luminophore based ratiometric sensing in water using a micellar host

A supramolecular strategy for ratiometric luminescence sensing of nitroaromatic explosives in water

In the present work we have demonstrated a supramolecular approach for ratiometric luminescence sensing of nitroaromatic explosive compounds (NAEs) by employing a red luminescent Eu(III) complex and a green luminescent Pt(II) complex with in a Triton X-100 surfactant based micellar host in water. The Eu-complex gets entrapped inside micellar core whereas the Pt-C2 remains grafted on the surface of the spherical micelles due to their structural amendments and thus facilitates preferential interaction of Pt-C2 with NAE molecules mainly through p-p interaction. The presence of explosive traces quenches the green emission (508-545 nm) of Pt-complex whereas the red emission (614 nm) of Eu-complex remains unaffected. The strategy demonstrates first report of two independent luminophore based ratiometric sensing in water using a micellar host

In-situ estimation of ice crystal properties at the South Pole using LED calibration data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments about 1 km3 of deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole using 5160 photomultipliers to detect Cherenkov light emitted by charged relativistic particles. A unexpected light propagation effect observed by the experiment is an anisotropic attenuation, which is aligned with the local flow direction of the ice. Birefringent light propagation has been examined as a possible explanation for this effect. The predictions of a first-principles birefringence model developed for this purpose, in particular curved light trajectories resulting from asymmetric diffusion, provide a qualitatively good match to the main features of the data. This in turn allows us to deduce ice crystal properties. Since the wavelength of the detected light is short compared to the crystal size, these crystal properties do not only include the crystal orientation fabric, but also the average crystal size and shape, as a function of depth. By adding small empirical corrections to this first-principles model, a quantitatively accurate description of the optical properties of the IceCube glacial ice is obtained. In this paper, we present the experimental signature of ice optical anisotropy observed in IceCube LED calibration data, the theory and parametrization of the birefringence effect, the fitting procedures of these parameterizations to experimental data as well as the inferred crystal properties.</p